Microplastics have, for several decades, invaded our environment and threaten the health of all living organisms on the planet, including humans.
Microplastic pollution is widespread, presenting significant health hazards. A study published in March revealed that microplastics increase the risk of cardiovascular disease and stroke by more than four times. How can we prevent and address the health threats posed by microplastics?
Microplastics–a Ubiquitous Pollutant
Plastic particles smaller than five millimeters in diameter are referred to as microplastics. A March study, published in the journal Science of The Total Environment focused on excavations taken from a historic site in the 1980s, analyzing soil sediment found underground at a depth of seven meters. The results revealed 16 types of microplastic polymers, indicating that microplastic pollution was present as early as the 1980s.
Microplastics come from a variety of plastic products, including personal care items like exfoliating skin products and toothpaste containing plastic microbeads. Additionally, synthetic fibers in clothing also contribute to microplastic pollution. The ubiquitousness of microplastics in our air, water, food, and everyday items makes avoiding them impossible.
Health Hazards of Microplastics
Microplastics affect human health in three primary ways:
- Microplastics can trigger chronic inflammation. Research indicates that microplastics mainly cause harm to health by inducing inflammation and disrupting the immune system. Chronic inflammation can damage blood vessel linings and cell membranes, predisposing individuals to various chronic diseases.
- Microplastics and the chemicals they degrade into can cause oxidative stress in our bodies. One study found that microplastics induce oxidative stress in tissues, inhibit enzyme activities, and promote lipid peroxidation. Oxidative stress is a self-defense mechanism in our bodies. While normally not problematic, excessive oxidative stress can lead to an overproduction of free radicals, which can damage our body’s cells and tissues, thereby increasing the risk of various diseases.
- Microplastics can also adsorb other toxic chemicals, such as heavy metals, causing further harm to the body.
